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OBJECTIVE To compare characteristic chromatogram and the contents of multiple indicator components of Morus alba decoction powder and decoction at different decoction time， and to provide experimental basis for the development of M. alba decoction. METHODS Taking decoction powder and decoction at different decoction time as subject， HPLC characteristic chromatogram of 2 kinds of samples were established with Similarity Evaluation Software System of TCM Chromatographic Fingerprint （2012 version）， and similarity evaluation was performed. The contents of mulberroside A， geniposide， berberine， baicalin， quercetin and luteolin in decoction powder and decoction were determined by HPLC. The contents of each indicator component and the change of total content were as the evaluation indexes to compare the difference between the two substances during decoction. RESULTS The similarities of characteristic chromatogram of the two substances ranged from 0.943 to 1.000 and 0.975 to 0.998 at different decoction time， respectively. Six indicator components of the decoction powder dissolved faster and had higher contents. The contents of each indicator component in the decoction powder when decocting at 20 minutes was 1.1-1.5 times of the decoction when decocting at 50 min， and the total content in the decoction powder was 1.2 times of the decoction. CONCLUSIONS Compared with decoction， M. alba decoction powder has the advantages of shortening the decoction time and saving traditional Chinese medicine resources. The results of this study lay a research foundation for “Zungu” to develop its preparation.
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Objective To provide references for clinical rational use and purchase of TCM decoction pieces of tonifying deficiency medicine through analysis on TCM decoction pieces of tonifying deficiency medicine in Jiangsu Hospital of TCM during 2011–2015.Methods Excel 2010 software was used to analyze the categories, dosage and sales of the TCM decoction pieces of tonifying deficiency medicine in our hospital during 2011–2015.Results The dosage of TCM decoction pieces for tonifying deficiency medicine in our hospital during 2011–2015 increased from 526434 kg to 800022 kg, with annual growth rate of 11.09%; consumption sum increased from 72151700 yuan to 125066300 yuan, with annual growth rate of 20.20%; dosage rate was 25.97%–27.03%. Among subtypes of tonifying deficiency medicine, the quantity of medicine for tonifying qi was the largest (accounting for 44.64%–46.07%), followed by medicine for tonifying yin (accounting for 20.63%–21.62%), medicine for tonifying blood (accounting for 17.23%–18.93%), and medicine for tonifying yang (accounting for 15.00%–15.17%). Top 5 TCM decoction pieces for tonifying deficiency medicine in the list of annual quantity were Astragali Radix, Atractylodix Macrocephalae Rhizoma, Paeoniae Radix Alba, Dioscoreae Rhizoma, and Codonopsis Radix during 2011–2015. The top of TCM decoction pieces for tonifying deficiency medicine in the list of consumption sum was Pseudostellariae Radix during 2011–2015.Conclusion Both dosage and consumption sum of TCM decoction pieces for tonifying deficiency medicine in our hospital have increased year by year, but the ratio of the total quantity to total amount and medication structure keep stable. TCM decoction pieces for tonifying qi is the greatest in dosage, which is in line with rational clinical medication regularities. Purchasing staff can purchase medicine predictably according to the Results .
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Objective To improve the orotracheal intubation verifying technique and reduce the complication of backflow in rat experiment.Methods A new position evaluation of anti-backflow device was designed and made of safety IV catheter and closed IV catheter system.60 adult male Sprague Dawley rats 216±20 g were randomly assigned to two groups: group A (n=40) for verifying placement, group B (n=20) for anti-backflow test.Group A was further divided into group A1 using self-designed positioning device, group A2 using aerosol, group A3 taking cotton fiber for positioning judgment.The group B was divided into two subgroups, B1 and B2, counting escaped bubbles as a means of positioning observation, the difference is that group B1 using frustum of a cone shape anti-backflow device, while the group B2 using common airway tube.Routine endotracheal intubation was performed to observe and record the time of positioning, the location of exhalation phase, and the length of inspiratory phase countercurrent water column.The group A1 further performed tracheotomy under direct vision clearly to confirm the anatomic positioning status.Results During the exhalation cycle,three or more bubbles were observed to escape continuously, indicating that the intubation tube was properly placed and open in the airway.Positioning time: It took 1.75±1.02 respiratory cycles in group A1,3.30±0.95 respiratory cycles in group A2 and 4.10±0.99 respiratory cycles in group A3 to complete the assessment the positioning status.There was no statistically significant difference between groups A2 and A3 (P> 0.05).The time needed for group A1 was significantly shorter than that of groups A2 and A3 (P < 0.01).The longest countercurrent water column length in group B1 was 3.23±0.53 cm, and 8.48±1.01 cm in the group B2.Conclusions The new designed anti-backflow positioning evaluation device is a simple and convenient appliance to evaluate the location of orotracheal intubation in rat experiment.It can effectively improve the positioning efficiency and has practical application value.
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Objective To provide references for rational clinical usage and purchase of TCM decoction pieces for blood-activating and stasis-removing. Methods Excel 2013 software was used to conduct statistical analysis on categories, consumption quantity, consumption sum and annual average growth rate of TCM decoction pieces for blood-activating and stasis-removing during 2011-2015 in TCM Hospital of Jiangsu Province (hereinafter refered to as our hospital). Results The consumption quantity and consumption sum of TCM decoction pieces for blood-activating and stasis-removing in our hospital increased year by year. Among all types of TCM decoction pieces for blood-activating and stasis-removing, TCM decoction pieces for activating blood and adjusting maridians occupied the largest amount, followed by TCM decoction pieces for activating blood and relieving pains, breaking up the static blood and eliminating masses, and blood-activating and wound - curing. The TCM decoction pieces with the biggest annual consumption quantity were Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Chuanxiong Rhizoma, and Curcumae Radix, and the TCM decoction pieces with the biggest annual consumption sum were Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, and Carthami Flos. Conclusion Both the consumption quantity and the consumption sum of the TCM decoction pieces for blood-activating and stasis-removing in our hospital have been increasing year by year. However, the proportion consumption quantity and the consumption sum of TCM decoction pieces and medicine utilization structure have kept stable, and in basically rational use.
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Objective To analyze the relationship between visceral obesity and hyperuricemia (HUA), and to provide the basis for the further study of obesity and HUA. Methods A total of 1 824 participants came from Tianjin Heping District Health Education Guidance Center in 2014 were selected in this study. The investigation was performed with physical examination and laboratory test for all subjects. Body fat analyzer was used to measure the visceral fat area (VFA). The Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between visceral obesity and HUA. Results The prevalence of HUA in men and women increased gradually with VFA increasing (P<0.05). There was a positive correlation between VFA, waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and serum uric acid (SUA) level (P<0.05). According to the results of Logistic regression analysis, VFA (OR=1.805,95%CI=1.166-2.794) and WHR (OR=2.108,95%CI=1.061-4.189) were the risk factors of HUA in men. And in women, VFA (OR=1.775,95%CI=1.154-2.732), WC (OR=2.015, 95%CI=1.137- 3.570) and WHR (OR=2.489, 95% CI=1.400- 4.426) were the risk factors of HUA. Conclusion The accumulation of visceral fat will increase the risk of HUA. So it is necessary to strengthen the detection of visceral obesity to prevent the development of HUA.
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OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for clinical rational use and purchase of TCM decoction pieces for rheumatism. METHODS:Using Excel software,the application of TCM decoction pieces for rheumatism in our hospital during 2010-2014 was analyzed statistically in respects of drug type,consumption quantity and consumption sum,etc. RESULTS:The consumption quan-tity of TCM decoction pieces for rheumatism increased from 46 026 kg to 79 139 kg in our hospital during 2010-2014,and annual growth rate was 14.68%;consumption sum increased from 3 851 300 yuan to 6 403 800 yuan,with annual growth rate was 15.46%;consumption quantity ratio was 2.48%-2.85%. Among antirheumatic drug subtype,the quantity of drugs for antirheumatic and dissipating cold was the largest (accounting for 51.43%-58.42%),followed by drugs for antirheumatic and strengthening the bones and muscles(accounting for 23.05%-28.42%)and drugs for antirheumatic and clearing heat(accounting for 18.53%-21.08%). Top 3 TCM decoction pieces for rheumatism in the list of annual quantity were Viscum coloratum,Cynanchum paniculatum and Clematis chinensis/Chaenomeles sinensis during 2011-2014. Top 3 TCM decoction pieces for rheumatism in the list of consumption sum were Zoacys dhumnades,C. paniculatum and V. coloratum during 2011-2014. CONCLUSIONS:Both consumption quantity and consumption sum of TCM decoction pieces for rheumatism have increased year by year in our hospital,but the ratio of total quantity to total amount and medication structure keep stable,and TCM for expelling wind-damp and dispelling cold is the greatest in consumption quantity which is in line with clinical drug use characteristics. Purchasing staff can purchase drugs predictably ac-cording to the results.
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In this article, the authors expounded the necessary and problems of animal experiment post-ap-proval monitoring ( PAM) , which included who should do PAM, how to do PAM, and what the PAM can do. The authors also exposed the following suggestion: formulating the detailed rules, regulations and SOP, strengthening the training of PAM team member and animal experiment personnel, and monitoring the whole process of animal protocol review using the software.
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Objective To know the utilization and development trend of TCM decoction pieces for clearing damp and promoting diuresis in our hospital;To provide references for rational medicine use and purchase in clinic. Methods Excel software was used to analyze the utilization of TCM decoction pieces for clearing damp and promoting diuresis in our hospital during 2009-2013 from the aspects of consumption quantity, consumption sum, and annual average growth. Results The consumption quantity of TCM decoction pieces for clearing damp and promoting diuresis in our hospital increased year by year with average growth rate of 10.58%;the consumption sum increased year by year with average growth rate of 20.21%. The consumption quantity of TCM decoction pieces for inducing diuresis to alleviate edema took the lead among all kinds of medicine, followed by medicine for inducing dampness for treating jaundice, and medicine for inducing diuresis for treating stranguria. Conclusion Both the consumption quantity and the consumption sum of TCM decoction pieces for clearing damp and promoting diuresis in our hospital have been increasing year by year. The proportion of which in total quantity and the consumption sum of TCM decoction pieces and the medicine utilization structure have kept stable, and its usages is rational on the whole.
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BACKGROUND:Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels transplantationvia the trachea can relieve the lung injury of rats exposed to silica dust, but their distribution and migrationin vivois stil unclear. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the distribution and homing of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels transplanted via the trachea into rats exposed to silica dust. METHODS: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels from Sprague-Dawley rats were isolated through bone marrow adherent method and transfected with lentivirus carrying enhanced green fluorescent protein gene (Lv-eGFP). Trypan blue staining and cel counting kit-8 were applied to assay the viability and proliferation of the transfected and untransfected cels. Sprague-Dawley rats, SPF level, were randomized into control group and silica dust exposure group. Rats in the two groups were respectively injectedvia the trachea with 1 mL of sterile silica dust suspensions (40 g/L) and 1 mL of normal saline. At 2 days after modeling, 2.2×106 transfected bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels were injected via the trachea into the rats of control group and silica dust exposure group. Rats were kiled at weeks 1, 2, 3, 4 after transplantation, and the distribution and intensity of green fluorescence in the lung, heart, liver, spleen, kidney, and brain tissue were observed under the fluorescence microscopy by frozen sections and analyzed using imaging analysis software. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: When the multiplicity of infection was 50, there were no significant differences between the viability and proliferation activity of the transfected and untransfected cels (P > 0.05). After transplantation of transfected bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels, strong green fluorescence was observed widely in the lung, especialy around the bronchus and blood vessels, and stil obvious at the 4th week. The fluorescence of other organs also could be observed at the 1st week. It was strong and wide in the liver, spleen and heart, while faint and less in the kidney and brain, and al reduced with time. It shows bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels transplantedvia the trachea into rats exposed to silica dust can be homing to the injured lung of rats.
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Objective To analyze the utilization and the development trend of TCM decoction pieces for relieving exterior syndrome in Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of TCM;To provide references for clinical rational medicine use and purchase. Methods Excel software was used to analyze the consumption quantity and consumption sum of TCM decoction pieces for relieving exterior syndrome in our hospital during 2009-2013. Results The consumption quantity of TCM decoction pieces for relieving exterior syndrome in our hospital increased year by year with average growth rate of 11.52%, among which the consumption quantity of medicine for diverging wind-cold was more than medicine for diverging wind-heat. Conclusion Both the consumption quantity and the consumption sum of TCM decoction pieces for relieving exterior syndrome in our hospital have been increasing significantly. The proportion of which in the total TCM decoction pieces for relieving exterior syndrome and the medicine utilization structure were stable, and the use of TCM decoction pieces for relieving exterior syndrome was rational on the whole.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To construct the P210(T315I-BCR/ABL) transgenic mice model.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The transgenic vector in which the P210(T315I-BCR/ABL) gene and eGFP gene was derived by APN/CD13 promoter was constructed and microinjected into the single-cell fertilized eggs of C57 mice. Transgene integration was conformed by PCR genotyping and P210(T315I-BCR/ABL) expression levels was evaluated by RT-PCR. The CML phenotype was confirmed by blood routine examination, Wright's staining for peripheral blood and bone marrow smears, HE staining for organs of transgenic mice.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Three transgenic mice lines with high expression of P210(T315I-BCR/ABL) gene and eGFP gene was selected. Compared with the wild type mice, the levels of WBC, platelet and neutrophil granulocyte of transgenic mice began to increase gradually at 2 months, and increase to 23.9×10⁹/L, 4 136×10⁹/L, and 74.6% respectively at 6 months. The remarkable hyperplasia of granulocytes was seen in the peripheral blood and bone marrow smears with splenomegaly infiltrated by leukemic cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The P210(T315I-BCR/ABL) transgenic mice was constructed and provided a model to explore the mechanism of T315I CML and screen out the drug for T315 CML patient.</p>
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Animals , Mice , Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl , Genetic Vectors , Genotype , Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive , Mice, Transgenic , Promoter Regions, GeneticABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the feasibility and safety of a delivery pathway for the performance of percutaneous left atrial appendage (LAA) occlusion in experimental canine models. Methods Transseptal puncture was performed via femoral vein approach under fluoroscopic and angiographic guidance in 12 experimental dogs. A pigtail catheter was advanced into the left atrium (LA), which was followed by LA angiography. The diameters of the neck of LAA were measured on LAA angiogram obtained in appropriate projection. After the delivery sheath was advanced along the wire into LA, a pigtail catheter was inserted into the ostium of the LAA and the sheath was then advanced over the pigtail into the LAA. LAA angiography was then performed through the delivery sheath to confirm the position of the delivery sheath. One hour after the procedure both electrocardiography (ECG) and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) were carried out in five dogs to check the results, immediately after which the five dogs were sacrificed to macroscopically observe the damages of the puncture site of inter-atrial septum as well as inside the LA and LAA. One hour and 2 weeks after the procedure TTE was conducted in the remaining 7 dogs and these dogs were followed up for one month. Results One dog died of pericardial tamponade during the operation. In 8 dogs the LAA was clearly displayed in the projection position of right anterior oblique (RAO) 30°/cranial (CRA) 20°,while in 3 dogs the LAA was well visualized in the projection position of RAO 30° , and in one dog in the projection position of RAO 30°/caudal (CAU) 20°. The diameter of LAA neck was (13.6 ± 5.2) mm. The delivery sheath was safely advanced into the LAA along the pigtail catheter in all dogs, and no air embolism, thrombus or pericardial tamponade occurred. Hematoma at puncture point of groin occurred in 2 dogs, which was absorbed through pressure dressing. Macroscopic examination of the heart performed immediately after the operation showed that no bloody pericardial effusion was found, and mild hematoma at posterior wall of LA was seen in one dog and mild damage of the upper-margin intima of LAA was noted in 2 dogs. The mean fluoroscopy time was (10.1 ± 2.5) minutes and the mean operation time was (58 ± 12) minutes. TEE showed no pericardial effusion 2 weeks after the procedure. During the follow-up period of one month no sudden death, stroke or infection occurred. Conclusion This method of placing the delivery sheath into the LAA is clinically safe and effective, and it can reliably establish a pathway to advance the LAA occluder into LAA.
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Objective To discuss the clinical efficacy and safety of improved wire- maintaining technique in performing transcatheter closure of ventricular septal defects. Methods During the period from June 2011 to June 2013 at Changhai Hospital, percutaneous transcatheter closure of ventricular septal defect with improved wire-maintaining technique was carried out in 62 patients. According to the manipulation used , the patients were divided into traditional wire-maintaining technique group (group A, n = 30) and improved wire- maintaining technique group (group B, n = 32). The use of occluder during the procedure, the fluoroscopy time, the operation time and the complications were recorded. Follow-up examinations with ECG, echocardiogram and chest radiograph were performed at 24 hours and at 1 , 3 and 6 months after the procedure. The results were analyzed. Results No statistically significant differences in the use of occluder and in the incidence of complications existed between the two groups (P > 0.05). No severe complications occurred in both groups. The fluoroscopy time and the operation time in group A were (11.96 ± 3.63) min and (53.43 ± 14.48) min respectively, while the fluoroscopy time and the operation time in group B were (9.37 ± 2.77) min and (45.34 ± 10.38) min respectively, and the differences between the two groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion In performing transcatheter closure of ventricular septal defects, the practice.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of transcatheter transapical implantation of a new domestic balloon-expandable bioprosthetic aortic valve in goats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We developed a new tube-like balloon-expandable bioprosthetic aortic valve which was made from cobalt-chromium alloy and bovine pericardium. Briefly, fresh bovine pericardium was trimmed into artificial leaflets and sutured into the cobalt-chromium alloy stent by hand post cell extracting and anti-calcification treatments. A left anterolateral mini-thoracotomy was performed in the 5(th) intercostal space of 5 goats. After opening the pericardium, the apex of the left ventricle was punctured, a stiff guidewire was positioned across the aortic arch and anchored in the descending aorta. The delivery catheter (22 F) was then introduced through the stiff guidewire into the aorta arch under fluoroscopic guidance. After correct valve position was confirmed by digital subtraction angiography, the valved stent was implanted after rapid inflation of the balloon. The immediate results of implanted valved stents were evaluated with angiography and echocardiography.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Four devices were successfully implanted into aortic valve position of goats and one goat died of severe aortic valve regurgitation because the valved stent was implanted below the normal position.Immediate observation after procedure in 4 goats by angiography and echocardiography showed that the valved stents were in the desired position after implantation. Mild paravalvular leakage were found in 3 out of the 4 survived goats and there were no moderate to severe aortic regurgitation in survived goats.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The procedure of transcatheter transapic aortic valve implantation with our new-type domestic balloon-expandable valved stent and delivery system is feasible and effective.</p>
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Animals , Cattle , Female , Male , Aortic Valve , Catheterization , Goats , Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation , Methods , StentsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of transcatheter aortic valve implantation assisted with snare to fix the delivery system.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This study was made in 5 healthy goats. After the abdomen was opened and the abdominal aorta was exposed, a stiff guide wire was advanced into the apex of the left ventricle through abdominal arterial puncture points. The delivery catheter equipped with valved stent was inserted into the descending aorta under fluoroscopy along the stiff guide wire. A minimal thoracic surgery approach was used to access the apex of the heart. A J-type guidewire and 5 F multifunction catheter were placed transapically and across the aortic valve down to the descending aorta. The snare was introduced through the 5 F catheter into the ascending aorta and was controlled to seize the head of stent delivery catheter. Then the delivery catheter was advanced into the left ventricle. The valved stent was positioned in the desired position under aortography and then the balloon was dilated and the valved stent was deployed into the aortic annulus assisted with snare to fix the catheter to prevent stent dispositions. Aortic angiography and echocardiography were performed to evaluate of valve performance post procedure.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The interventional procedure was completed successfully in all 5 goats. The mean aortic annulus diameter was (23.8 ± 2.6) mm, two valved stent of 23 mm diameter and three valved stent of 26 mm in diameter were implanted. The operation duration and X-ray exposure time were (112.3 ± 19.5) min and (16.8 ± 5.2) min, respectively. Immediate observation after procedure showed that the valved stents were in the desired position after implantation by angiography and echocardiography. No moderate to severe aortic regurgitation was observed. All goats were alive at 1 month post procedure.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The procedure of transcatheter implantation of a balloon-expandable valved stent into the aortic valve position of goats assisted with snare to fix the delivery catheter is feasible and effective. This procedure might be suitable also for patients with noncalcified aortic stenosis.</p>
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Animals , Aorta , Aortic Valve , Aortic Valve Insufficiency , Catheterization , Echocardiography , Fluoroscopy , Goats , Stents , Transcatheter Aortic Valve ReplacementABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To examine the function change of myocardial calcium transports and determined what role the change plays in cardiac dysfunction after severe burn injury in rats. METHODS: The contraction and relaxation properties of the left ventricle (LV) were studied in the isolated hearts preparations of Wistar rats at 3, 8, and 24 h after a 30% TBSA (total body surface area) full-thickness burn. The calcium transport function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) was measured by the millipore filtration technique. RESULTS: The maximal rate of LV pressure (plus minusdp/dtmax) of the burn group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.01). In addition, the calcium-dependent ATPase activity and the coupling ratio of SR were also markedly depressed. CONCLUSIONS: It indicates that the decrease in the SR calcium transport function is one of the important mechanisms for the cardiac contractile dysfunction after severe burn injury.